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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Marion-Insel</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable toptextcells hintergrundfarbe-basis float-right infobox vorlage-infobox-insel" style="width:300px; margin-top:0;" summary="Infobox Insel">
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<th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#223B73; color:#FFF;">Marion-Insel
<p class="mw-empty-elt">
</p>
</th></tr>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0;"> Satellitenbild der Insel
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<td><b>Gewässer</b>
</td>
<td><a href="Indischer_Ozean" title="Indischer Ozean">Indischer Ozean</a>
</td></tr>
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<td><b>Inselgruppe</b>
</td>
<td><a href="Prinz-Edward-Inseln" title="Prinz-Edward-Inseln">Prinz-Edward-Inseln</a>
</td></tr>
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<td><a href="World_Geodetic_System_1984" title="World Geodetic System 1984">Geographische Lage</a>
</td>
<td><span id="Marion-Insel" class="coordinates -print"><a class="external text" href="geo:-46.906111111111,37.736944444444"><span title="Breitengrad">46° 54′ <abbr title="Süd">S</abbr></span>, <span title="Längengrad">37° 44′ <abbr title="Ost">O</abbr></span></a></span><span class="geo noexcerpt" style="display:none"><span class="body"></span><span class="latitude">-46.906111111111</span><span class="longitude">37.736944444444</span><span class="elevation">1230</span></span>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; padding:3px;">
</td></tr>
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<td><b>Länge</b>
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<td>25 km
</td></tr>
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<td><b>Breite</b>
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<td>18 km
</td></tr>
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<td><b>Fläche</b>
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<td>290 km²
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<td><b>Höchste Erhebung</b>
</td>
<td><a href="Mascarin_Peak" title="Mascarin Peak">Mascarin Peak</a><br><span style="border-width:0px; padding:0px; margin:0px;">1230 <abbr title="Höhe über dem Meeresspiegel">m</abbr></span>
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<td><b>Einwohner</b>
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<td>bis zu 50 <small>(Stationspersonal)</small> <br> <small><1 Einw./km²</small>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:3px"> Karte der Marion-Insel
</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="display:none"></div>
<p>Die <b>Marion-Insel</b> (<span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a></span> <span lang="en-Latn" style="font-style:italic">Marion Island</span>) ist die größere und südlichere der beiden <a href="Prinz-Edward-Inseln" title="Prinz-Edward-Inseln">Prinz-Edward-Inseln</a> im südlichen <a href="Indischer_Ozean" title="Indischer Ozean">Indischen Ozean</a>. Sie gehört politisch zu <a href="S%C3%BCdafrika" title="Südafrika">Südafrika</a> und dort zur Provinz <a href="Westkap" title="Westkap">Westkap</a>. Die Insel liegt ungefähr 1700 km vom <a href="Afrika" title="Afrika">afrikanischen</a> Festland entfernt.
</p><p>Die Insel ist in Ost-West-Richtung etwa 25 Kilometer lang, in Nord-Süd-Richtung bis zu etwa 18 Kilometer breit und weist eine Fläche von 290 km² auf. Die Marion-Insel liegt etwa 21 Kilometer südwestlich der <a href="Prinz-Edward-Insel_(S%C3%BCdafrika)" title="Prinz-Edward-Insel (Südafrika)">Prinz-Edward-Insel</a> und besteht aus zwei jungen <a href="Schildvulkan" title="Schildvulkan">Schildvulkanen</a> und zahlreichen Nebenkratern, die der Insel einen hügeligen Charakter geben. Die höchste Erhebung ist mit 1230 m der <i><a href="Mascarin_Peak" title="Mascarin Peak">Mascarin Peak</a></i>, zweithöchste Erhebung der <i>Resolution Peak</i> mit 1185 m über dem Meer. Vor der Umbenennung, die im Jahr 2003 offiziell wurde, hießen diese Gipfel <i>State President Swart Peak</i> und <i>Jan Smuts Peak</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geschichte">Geschichte</h2></div>
<p>Die Insel wurde per Zufall am 4. März 1663 vom holländischen Seefahrer Barend Barendszoon Lam entdeckt und nach dessen Schiff <i>Maerseveen</i> getauft. Allerdings bestimmte er die Position der Insel falsch, sodass sie am 13. Januar 1772 vom Franzosen <a href="Marc-Joseph_Marion_du_Fresne" title="Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne">Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne</a> erneut „entdeckt“ und nach ihm benannt wurde. Im Dezember 1776 sichtete auch <a href="James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> die Insel, doch erst einige Jahre später wurde sie von Robben- und Walfängern erstmals betreten. Bis etwa 1930 wurden auf der Insel in großem Ausmaß Robben gejagt. 1908 errichteten 70 schiffbrüchige Jäger das Dorf <i>Fairbairn Settlement</i> an der Nordküste. Seit 1948 unterhält Südafrika die permanente Forschungs- und Wetterstation <i>Marion Island</i> an der Nordostküste (<i>Transvaal Cove</i>). Die Vulkane der Insel galten zunächst als erloschen, doch im Jahre 1980 beobachtete das Personal der Station einen Ausbruch. Zuletzt wurden im Juni 2004 <a href="Vulkanisches_Gas" title="Vulkanisches Gas">Gasausbrüche</a> festgestellt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klimatabelle">Klimatabelle</h2></div>
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<tbody><tr><th>die Marion-Insel</th></tr>
<tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Klimadiagramm</th></tr>
<tr><td><table style="width: 100%; margin: 0; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%; box-sizing:border-box; border-collapse:collapse;">
<tbody><tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.38em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">219</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.96em;height:1.16em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.12em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div>
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<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.9em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">195</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:11.06em;height:1.12em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.18em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.32em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">216</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:11em;height:1.12em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:12.12em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">11</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:9.5em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">5</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.38em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">219</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.76em;height:1.08em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.84em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:9.26em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.64em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">232</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.56em;height:1.02em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.58em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:9.06em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
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<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.46em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:8.94em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.88em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">194</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.34em;height:0.98em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.32em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:8.84em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.74em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">187</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.24em;height:1.02em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.26em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:8.74em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
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<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">183</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.28em;height:1.04em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.32em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div>
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<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.54em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div>
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<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.52em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">176</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.56em;height:1.2em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.76em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:9.06em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div>
</div>
</td>
<td><div style="width:1.6em;height:20em;position:relative;z-index:-1;padding:0;margin:0">
<div style="height:8em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-top:dotted 1px #cba;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;z-index:1;padding:0;margin:-1px 0"> </div>
<div style="background:#AACCEE; color:inherit;;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.06em;z-index:3;overflow:hidden"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-progressive, #3366cc); position:absolute; bottom:.5em; left:0; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:center;"><span style="font-size:70%">203</span></div><div style="overflow:hidden;background:#EE4444; color:inherit; position:absolute;left:.4em; width:0.8em; z-index:4;bottom:10.76em;height:1.2em;"> </div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:11.96em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div>
<div style="color: var(--color-destructive, #D73333); position:absolute; bottom:9.26em; left:-.4em; width:1.6em; height:1.5em; text-align:right;z-index:4"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="background:#e44;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Monatsmitteltemperatur" title="Monatsmitteltemperatur">Temperatur</a> (°C)</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="background:#ace;color: transparent; width: 12px; line-height:12px;display:inline-block;">_</span> <a href="Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge" title="Niederschlag">Niederschlag</a> (mm)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1em; font-size:85%"><b>Quelle:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=za&stat=68994">wetterkontor.de</a></td></tr>
</tbody></table></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="border: 1px solid #B5B5B5; margin-bottom:.5em; border-spacing:4px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td>
<div style="font-size:95%; text-align:center; margin-bottom:5px;"><b>Monatliche Durchschnittstemperaturen und -niederschläge für die Marion-Insel</b></div>
<table class="toptextcells hintergrundfarbe5" style="padding: 5px; border-spacing:1px; text-align:center; font-size:95%; margin-bottom:10px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td style="height:15px">
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jan
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Feb
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Mär
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Apr
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Mai
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jun
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Jul
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Aug
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Sep
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Okt
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Nov
</td>
<td style="width:45px">Dez
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px;">
</td>
<td style="width:45px">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="Mittlere höchste Tagestemperatur in Grad Celsius">Mittl. Tagesmax. (°C)</abbr>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">10,6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">10,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">10,6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">9,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">7,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">7,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6,6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6,6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">7,7
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">8,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">9,8
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%;"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;"><b>8,5</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="Mittlere niedrigste Tagestemperatur in Grad Celsius">Mittl. Tagesmin. (°C)</abbr>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">5,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">5,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">3,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">2,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">2,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">1,7
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">1,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">1,4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">2,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">2,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">3,8
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;"><b>3,1</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Niederschlag#Niederschlagsmenge" title="Niederschlag">Niederschlag</a> (<abbr title="Millimeter = Liter pro Quadratmeter">mm</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">219
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">195
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">216
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">219
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">232
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">204
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">194
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">187
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">183
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">171
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">176
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">203
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>Σ</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;"><b>2399</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Sonnenschein" title="Sonnenschein">Sonnenstunden</a> (<abbr title="Stunden pro Tag">h/d</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">5,2
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">4,8
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">3,7
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">3,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">2,6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">1,9
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">2,1
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">3,0
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">3,5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">4,4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">5,3
</td>
<td style="background: #FFCC66;">5,2
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;"><b>3,7</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Regentag" title="Regentag">Regentage</a> (<abbr title="Tag">d</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">21
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">18
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">19
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">20
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">22
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">23
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">23
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">22
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">21
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">18
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">19
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;">20
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>Σ</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #607CD2;"><b>246</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left;"><a href="Meeresoberfl%C3%A4chentemperatur" title="Meeresoberflächentemperatur">Wassertemperatur</a> (°C)
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">6
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;">4
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">5
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFF99;">5
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #FFFFFF;"><b>4,9</b>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="15" style="height:5px;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td style="height:20px; text-align:left;"><a href="Luftfeuchtigkeit" title="Luftfeuchtigkeit">Luftfeuchtigkeit</a> (<abbr title="Prozent">%</abbr>)
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">83
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">84
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">84
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">84
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">85
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">86
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">85
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">84
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">83
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">82
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">82
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;">83
</td>
<td style="padding-left:6px; padding-right:3px; font-size: 110%"><b>⌀</b>
</td>
<td style="background: #4169E1;"><b>83,7</b>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="float:left; font-size:75%; margin-top:10px; text-align:center; margin-left:15px; display:none; height:220px;">
<tbody><tr>
<td rowspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="padding-right: 3px; line-height:150%;">T<br>e<br>m<br>p<br>e<br>r<br>a<br>t<br>u<br>r
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 8px; border-left: 1px solid gray; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Januar" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:73;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">10,6
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:29px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:44px;">4,8
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Februar" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:75;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">10,9
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:28px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:47px;">5,3
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="März" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:73;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">10,6
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:28px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:45px;">5,0
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="April" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:66;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">9,2
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:27px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:39px;">3,8
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Mai" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:60;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">7,9
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:26px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:34px;">2,8
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Juni" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:57;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">7,3
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:26px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:31px;">2,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Juli" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:53;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">6,6
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:25px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:29px;">1,7
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="August" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:52;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">6,3
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:26px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:26px;">1,2
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="September" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:53;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">6,6
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:26px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:27px;">1,4
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Oktober" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:59;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">7,7
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:29px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:30px;">2,0
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="November" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:64;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">8,8
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:30px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:34px;">2,8
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td>
<td class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="vertical-align: bottom; padding-right: 8px; border-bottom: 1px solid gray;">
<table title="Dezember" style="text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:7pt; height:69;">
<caption style="border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-destructive, #D73333);">9,8
</caption>
<tbody><tr>
<th class="hintergrundfarbe8" style="width:21px; height:30px;">
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align:top; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-progressive, #3366CC); height:39px;">3,8
</td></tr></tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr class="hintergrundfarbe-basis">
<td style="padding-left: 3px; padding-right: 8px;">Jan
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Feb
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Mär
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Apr
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Mai
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Jun
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Jul
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Aug
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Sep
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Okt
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Nov
</td>
<td style="padding-right: 8px;">Dez
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div style="clear:right;font-size:85%; line-height:1em; margin-top:5px;"><b>Quelle:</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=za&stat=68994">wetterkontor.de</a></div>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fauna">Fauna</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vernichtung_eingeschleppter_Arten">Vernichtung eingeschleppter Arten</h3></div>
<p>1949 wurden fünf <a href="Hauskatze" title="Hauskatze">Hauskatzen</a> auf die Marion-Insel gebracht, um eine <a href="Hausmaus" title="Hausmaus">Mäuseplage</a> in der Station zu bekämpfen. Allerdings vermehrten sich die Katzen schnell, und 1977 lebten ungefähr 3400 Katzen auf der Insel, die sich statt von den Mäusen von Sturmvögeln ernährten, so dass die Ausrottung der Vögel auf der Insel drohte. Einige Arten von Sturmvögeln starben auf der Marion-Insel in der Tat schon aus, und so wurde ein „Katzenausrottungsprogramm“ ins Leben gerufen: Einige Katzen wurden mit einer hochspezifischen, <a href="Panleukopenie" title="Panleukopenie"><i>Feline Panleucopenia</i></a> genannten Krankheit infiziert, was die Zahl der Katzen im Jahr 1982 auf rund 600 reduzierte. Die restlichen Katzen wurden durch nächtliche Jagd getötet, und 1991 konnten nur noch acht Katzen innerhalb von zwölf Monaten gefangen werden. Es wird angenommen, dass es heutzutage keine Katzen mehr auf der Marion-Insel gibt.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Allerdings nahm dadurch die Mäusepopulation stark zu. Diese attackieren und töten Nestlinge, aber auch ausgewachsene Vögel.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Daher wurde für den Antarktischen Winter 2025 (zu dieser Zeit herrscht in Europa Sommer) ein weiteres Ausrottungsprogramm beschlossen. Dabei sollen mit dem <a href="Rodentizid" title="Rodentizid">Rodentizid</a> <a href="Brodifacoum" title="Brodifacoum">Brodifacoum</a> versetzte Köder durch Helikopter auf der gesamten Insel verteilt werden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Am 9. April 2013 erklärte die südafrikanische Regierung durch das <i>Department of Water and Environmental Affairs</i> die Inselgruppe mit ihrer <a href="K%C3%BCstenmeer#Zwölf-Meilen-Zone" title="Küstenmeer">12-Meilen-Zone</a> zur Meeresschutzzone (<i><a href="Meeresschutz#Meeresschutzgebiete_(Marine_Protected_Areas,_MPA)" title="Meeresschutz">Marine Protected Area</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eine Unterschutzstellung nach dem nationalen Recht Südafrikas war bereits in der <a href="Government_Gazette_(S%C3%BCdafrika)" title="Government Gazette (Südafrika)">Government Gazette</a> Nr. 32198 angekündigt worden. Dafür legte man damals die <i>Section 43</i> des <i>Marine Living Resources Act</i> (<i>Act No. 18 / 1998</i>) zugrunde.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wirbellose_im_Süßwasser_auf_der_Insel"><span id="Wirbellose_im_S.C3.BC.C3.9Fwasser_auf_der_Insel"></span>Wirbellose im Süßwasser auf der Insel</h3></div>
<p>In den Süßwasser-Lebensräumen auf der Insel wurden bislang folgende Arten <a href="Wirbellose" title="Wirbellose">wirbelloser</a> Tiere nachgewiesen:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<ul><li><ul><li><a href="Crustacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustacea">Crustacea</a>: 4 Arten
<ul><li><a href="Anomopoda" title="Anomopoda">Anomopoda</a>
<ul><li><i>Daphniopsis studeri</i></li>
<li><i>Macrothrix ruhei</i></li>
<li><i>Ovalona weinecki</i></li>
<li><i>Pleuroxus wittsteini</i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Copepoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Copepoda">Copepoda</a>
<ul><li><i>Bockella vallentini</i></li>
<li><i>Marionobiotus jeanneli</i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Harpacticoida" title="Harpacticoida">Harpacticoida</a>
<ul><li><i>Epactophanes richardti</i></li>
<li><i>Marionobiotus jeanneli</i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Ostracoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostracoda">Ostracoda</a>
<ul><li><i>Ilyodromus kerguelensis</i></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Hexapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexapoda">Hexapoda</a>
<ul><li><a href="Collembola" class="mw-redirect" title="Collembola">Collembola</a>
<ul><li><i>Ceratophysella denticulata</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Insecta
<ul><li><i>Pssychoda parthenogenetica</i></li>
<li><i>Limnophytes minimus</i></li>
<li><i>Myzus ascalonicus</i></li>
<li><i>Pringleophaga marioni</i></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Acari" class="mw-redirect" title="Acari">Acari</a>
<ul><li><i>Algophagus antarcticus</i></li>
<li><i>Alogophagus brachytarsus</i></li>
<li><i>Alogophagus laticillaris</i></li>
<li><i>Alogophagus macrolithus</i></li>
<li><i>Peregrinacarus reticulates</i></li>
<li><i><a href="Alaskozetes_antarcticus" title="Alaskozetes antarcticus">Alaskozetes antarcticus</a></i></li>
<li><i>Austroppia crozetensis</i></li>
<li><i>Dometorina marionensis</i></li>
<li><i>Prinerigone vagans</i></li>
<li><i>Peregrinacarus reticulatus</i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">Mollusca</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Mittelmeer-Ackerschnecke" title="Mittelmeer-Ackerschnecke">Deroceras panormitanum</a></i></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Annelida" class="mw-redirect" title="Annelida">Annelida</a>
<ul><li><i>Lumbricillus</i> sp.</li>
<li><i>Vejdovskyella</i> sp.</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Rotifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotifera">Rotifera</a>
<ul><li><a href="Monogononta" title="Monogononta">Monogononta</a>
<ul><li><i>Cephalodella eva</i></li>
<li><i>Cephalodella gibba</i></li>
<li><i><a href="Cephalodella" title="Cephalodella">Cephalodella</a></i> sp.</li>
<li><i>Collotheca ornata</i></li>
<li><i>Collotheca ornata cornuta</i></li>
<li><i>Colurella colurus compressa</i></li>
<li><i>Dicranophorus</i> sp.</li>
<li><i>Encentrum gulo</i></li>
<li><i>Encentrum lutra</i></li>
<li><i>Epiphanes senta</i></li>
<li><i>Euchlanis dilatata</i></li>
<li><i>Lecane flexilus</i></li>
<li><i>Lepadella triptera</i></li>
<li><i><a href="Lindia_torulosa" title="Lindia torulosa">Lindia torulosa</a></i></li>
<li><i>Notholca labis</i></li>
<li><i>Ptygura crystallina</i></li>
<li><i>Ptygura longicornis</i></li>
<li><i>Resticulata gelida</i></li>
<li><i>Scaridium longicaudum</i></li>
<li><i>Trichocera brachyura</i></li>
<li><i>Trichotria tetractis</i></li></ul></li>
<li>Bdelloidea
<ul><li><i>Adineta barbata</i></li>
<li><i>Adineta</i> sp.</li>
<li><i>Macrotrachela</i> sp.</li>
<li><i>Philodina</i> sp.</li>
<li><i><a href="Rotaria_rotatoria" title="Rotaria rotatoria">Rotaria rotatoria</a></i></li></ul></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Nematoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a>: 6 noch unbeschriebenen Arten
<ul><li>sp. 1 ‘whip nematode’</li>
<li>sp. 2 ‘whip nematode with long tail’</li>
<li>sp. 3 ‘small nematode from wallows’</li>
<li>sp. 4 ‘a different bacterial feeder’</li>
<li>sp. 5 ‘medium nematode with stylet’</li>
<li>sp. 6 ‘cup-shaped stoma with feet’</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Tardigrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a>
<ul><li><i>Dactylobiotus</i></li>
<li><i>Hybsibius</i> cf. <i>dujardin</i></li>
<li><i>Isohypsibius</i> sp.</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Gastrotricha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotricha</a>
<ul><li><i>Chaetonotus</i> sp.</li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Platyhelminthes" class="mw-redirect" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a>: 5 noch unbeschriebene Arten
<ul><li>sp. 1 'kipper-tie'</li>
<li>sp. 2</li>
<li>sp. 3</li>
<li>sp. 4</li>
<li>sp. 5</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanap.ac.za/sanap_marion/sanap_marion.html"><i>Marion Island.</i></a> Beschreibung der Insel und Forschungsstation mit Bildmaterial. <a href="South_African_National_Antarctic_Programme" title="South African National Antarctic Programme">South African National Antarctic Programme</a> (SANAP), abgerufen am 19. November 2016 (englisch).</li>
<li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
.mw-parser-output .webarchiv-memento a{color:inherit}
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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060317180112/http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/marion_island/marion_island.html">Marion Island</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 17. März 2006 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>) (englisch).</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=234070">Marion Island</a> im <i>Global Volcanism Program</i> der <a href="Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> (englisch).</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elwyn Jenkins: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Falling into Place. The Story of Modern South African Place Names</cite>. New Africa Books, Claremont 2007, ISBN 978-0-86486-689-9, Marion Island, a distant piece of South Africa, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>47</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=RZnXHoMQ_hkC&pg=PT56">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Marion-Insel&rft.atitle=Marion+Island%2C+a+distant+piece+of+South+Africa&rft.au=Elwyn+Jenkins&rft.btitle=Falling+into+Place.+The+Story+of+Modern+South+African+Place+Names&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780864866899&rft.pages=47&rft.place=Claremont&rft.pub=New+Africa+Books" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.P. Bloomer, M.N. Bester: <cite style="font-style:italic">Control of feral cats on sub-Antarctic Marion Island, Indian Ocean</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Biological Conservation</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>60</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 1992, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>211–219</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207%2892%2991253-O">10.1016/0006-3207(92)91253-O</a></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/000632079291253O">elsevier.com</a> [abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2021]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Marion-Insel&rft.atitle=Control+of+feral+cats+on+sub-Antarctic+Marion+Island%2C+Indian+Ocean&rft.au=J.P.+Bloomer%2C+M.N.+Bester&rft.date=1992&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0006-3207%2892%2991253-O&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Biological+Conservation&rft.pages=211-219&rft.volume=60" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iol.co.za/news/marion-islands-plague-of-mice-1563686"><i>Marion Island’s plague of mice.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2021</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarion-Insel&rft.title=Marion+Island%E2%80%99s+plague+of+mice&rft.description=Marion+Island%E2%80%99s+plague+of+mice&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iol.co.za%2Fnews%2Fmarion-islands-plague-of-mice-1563686&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">John Cooper: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acap.aq/latest-news/2839-largest-island-yet-south-africa-starts-planning-to-eradicate-house-mice-on-marion"><i>Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels - House Mice on South Africa's Marion Island continue to attack albatrosses and petrels.</i></a><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2021</span> (britisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarion-Insel&rft.title=Agreement+on+the+Conservation+of+Albatrosses+and+Petrels+-+House+Mice+on+South+Africa%27s+Marion+Island+continue+to+attack+albatrosses+and+petrels&rft.description=Agreement+on+the+Conservation+of+Albatrosses+and+Petrels+-+House+Mice+on+South+Africa%27s+Marion+Island+continue+to+attack+albatrosses+and+petrels&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.acap.aq%2Flatest-news%2F2839-largest-island-yet-south-africa-starts-planning-to-eradicate-house-mice-on-marion&rft.creator=John+Cooper&rft.language=en-GB"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mousefreemarion.org/about/"><i>About.</i></a> In: <i>Mouse-Free Marion.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2021</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarion-Insel&rft.title=About&rft.description=About&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fmousefreemarion.org%2Fabout%2F&rft.language=en-US"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a href="Patrick_Barkham" title="Patrick Barkham">Patrick Barkham</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/21/world-biggest-single-eradication-operation-remove-mice-marion-sland"><i>World’s biggest single eradication operation aims to remove mice from island.</i></a> The Guardian, 21. März 2023,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 21. März 2023</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarion-Insel&rft.title=World%E2%80%99s+biggest+single+eradication+operation+aims+to+remove+mice+from+island&rft.description=World%E2%80%99s+biggest+single+eradication+operation+aims+to+remove+mice+from+island&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2023%2Fmar%2F21%2Fworld-biggest-single-eradication-operation-remove-mice-marion-sland&rft.creator=%5B%5BPatrick+Barkham%5D%5D&rft.publisher=The+Guardian&rft.date=2023-03-21"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jane Flanagan, Cape Town: <cite style="font-style:italic">Prince Edward called in to save Marion Island seabirds from killer mice</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></cite>. 21. März 2023 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/prince-edward-called-in-to-save-marion-island-seabirds-from-killer-mice-q3f70mw8r">thetimes.co.uk</a> [abgerufen am 21. März 2023]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Marion-Insel&rft.atitle=Prince+Edward+called+in+to+save+Marion+Island+seabirds+from+killer+mice&rft.au=Jane+Flanagan%2C+Cape+Town&rft.btitle=The+Times&rft.date=2023-03-21&rft.genre=book" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/princeedwardislands_declaredmarineprotectedarea"><i>Prince Edward Islands declared a Marine Protected Area.</i></a> In: <i>Media Releases.</i> Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa, 9. April 2013,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 17. Mai 2017</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMarion-Insel&rft.title=Prince+Edward+Islands+declared+a+Marine+Protected+Area&rft.description=Prince+Edward+Islands+declared+a+Marine+Protected+Area&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.za%2Fmediarelease%2Fprinceedwardislands_declaredmarineprotectedarea&rft.publisher=Department+of+Environmental+Affairs%2C+Republic+of+South+Africa&rft.date=2013-04-09&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Marine Living Resources Act, 1998 (Act No. 18 of 1998): Draft Notice declaring the Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area</cite>. Notice 421 of 2009. In: Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (Hrsg.): <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic"><a href="Government_Gazette_(S%C3%BCdafrika)" title="Government Gazette (Südafrika)">Government Gazette</a></cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>32198</span>, 8. Mai 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>125<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>f</span>. (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/201409/32198421.pdf">online</a> [PDF; <span style="white-space:nowrap">78<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>kB</span>; abgerufen am 17. Mai 2017]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Marion-Insel&rft.atitle=Marine+Living+Resources+Act%2C+1998+%28Act+No.+18+of+1998%29%3A+Draft+Notice+declaring+the+Prince+Edward+Islands+Marine+Protected+Area&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=32198&rft.jtitle=Government+Gazette&rft.pages=125+f." style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Herbert J.G. Dartnall, Valdon R. Smith: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Freshwater Invertebrates of Sub-Antarctic Marion Island</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">African Zoology</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>47</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, Oktober 2012, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>203–215</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3377/004.047.0207">10.3377/004.047.0207</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Marion-Insel&rft.atitle=Freshwater+Invertebrates+of+Sub-Antarctic+Marion+Island&rft.au=Herbert+J.G.+Dartnall%2C+Valdon+R.+Smith&rft.date=2012-10&rft.doi=10.3377%2F004.047.0207&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=African+Zoology&rft.pages=203-215&rft.volume=47" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
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